{"id":3022,"date":"2018-11-24T06:04:04","date_gmt":"2018-11-24T06:04:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cheikh-maelainin.com?p=3022"},"modified":"2018-11-24T06:04:04","modified_gmt":"2018-11-24T06:04:04","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/?p=3022","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 -\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641- \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0638\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064e “\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0621” \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 “\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a” \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a (\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 1987\u060c \u0635 55. \u0648\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0648 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/a>)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629: \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0629\u060c 2006. Richet Etienne:\u00a0“En\u00a0 Mauritanie” Bulletin de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9conomie sociale et des unions de la pais sociale, huitieme sere, tome\u00a0 V II, Num. 73-74, Janvier 1919, P. 418.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0633\u0628\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 400\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2011\u0645\u060c \u0635 97.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0635 125.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u00a0 1 \u0635 559.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c 1 \u0635 565. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u062c 19 \u0635 230- 24<\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633: 853 \u2013 971\u0647\u0640 \u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 1992- 1993\u0645.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c 3 \u0635 4- 14 . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u062c 7 \u063510- 46.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 “\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062a” \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1958\u060c \u0635 517.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643 (\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2005 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 2008\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627: “\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0Douls\u00b8 Camille : \u201cVoyage d\u2019exploration \u00e0\u00a0 Travers le Sahara Occidental et le sud Marocaine\u201d , Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de la g\u00e9ographie (Paris). 1888, P 459<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0635 98. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f)\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635 339.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c 8\/ 158-165<\/p>\n

\n

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 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3022"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3023,"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022\/revisions\/3023"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cheikh-maelainin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}