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\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[1] &#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0631 (\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 19 \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2008\u0645).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[2] &#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0631 (\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 19 \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2008\u0645).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[3] &#8211; \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645: &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06373\u060c 2007\u0645\u060c \u0635:36.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[4] &#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (732-808\u0647\u0640): &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u06374\u060c 2006\u0645 \u060c3\/102.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[5]- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645.\u0622\u064a\u0629: 42.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[6] &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c1415\u0647\u0640\/1995\u0645\u060c7\/2392.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[7] &#8211; \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c1\/152.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[8] &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 (1246- 1328\u0647\u0640): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u060c \u06371\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0635:41.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[9] &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a (\u062a544\u0647\u0640): &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2008\u0645\u060c1\/188.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[10] &#8211; \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0642\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0632\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1421\u0647\u0640\/2001\u0645\u060c \u0635:47.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[11] &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 (1246-1328\u0647\u0640): &#8220;\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u0635:41.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[12] &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u060c \u06371\u060c 2003\u0645\u060c \u0635:127.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[13] &#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a:&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c 1339\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635:360.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[14]- \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062f\u064a: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c (\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629)\u060c 1989-1990\u0645\u060c2\/266.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[15] &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0635:11.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[16] &#8211; \u0645\u0641\u062f\u064a: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c2\/276-277.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[17] &#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a: &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c (\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646:\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0635:110.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[18] &#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c (1204-1330\u0647\u0640\/1790-1912\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1427\u0647\u0640\/2006\u0645\u060c 3\/126.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">[19] &#8211; \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c (1860-1934\u0645)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c(\u062f\u062f\u0639)\u060c 1993-1994\u0645\u060c \u0635:269.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><strong> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljounaid.ma\/article.aspx?c=5661\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a 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